法规政策层次较低，上位法依据缺失

2005 年《规定》作为目前台港澳人员在内地参加社会保险的基本政策仅是一个部门规章。2010年出台的《社会保险法》作为社会保障领域的一部基本法，对于社会保险事务的方方面面几乎都做出了明确部署，而对于港澳人员在内地就业时能否按照本法参保的问题缺乏明确的法律规范。同时，《社会保险法》对于国务院社会保险行政管理部门在制定涉及港澳人员参保问题的部门规章方面也缺乏明确的授权，使得人社部在制定涉及台港澳人员在内地就业参保规范难以从《社会保险法》中找出可以直接援引的上位法依据。

在港、澳人员在内地转移接续社会保险关系的规范方面，《社会保险法》规定个人跨统筹地区就业的，其养老保险、医疗保险和失业保险关系随本人转移，缴费年限累计计算。但是，这一规定能否适用于在内地参保并且跨境流动就业的港、澳人员，未见有明确的政策指引。

Deficiency of upper law causing the low level of regulations and policies In the year of 2005, the Regulation was merely a department policy working as a basic rule for Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao residents to be included in the Mainland social insurance system. Social Insurance Law, which was introduced in 2010, made a clear path for the implementation of all aspects relating to social insurance affairs as a basic rule in the social welfare system. However, it failed to define whether Hong Kong and Macao residents can be included in the Mainland social insurance system during their working period there. Meanwhile, the social insurance administrative department of the state council was ambiguously authorized by the Social Insurance Law, to make their department policy on the issues of the Hong Kong and Macao residents’ access to mainland social security. As a result, during the process of establishing a regulation involving the Hong Kong and Macao residents’ access to mainland social security, it’s difficult for the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security to invoke from Social Insurance Law, directly as an upper law. In terms of the regulation on transferring the social insurance for the Hong Kong and Macao residents in the mainland, according to the Social Insurance Law, cross-regional employees should transfer their endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance with them and the total periods of contributions will be calculated accumulatively. Yet there is no clarified guidance that whether it fits for the cross-boarder employees who have already been included in the mainland social security system.

众所周知，锈蚀将导致钢筋有效截面积减小，同时因不均匀分布点蚀锈坑的存在又会引起荷载作用下应力集中及偏心受荷作用的发生。因此，锈蚀钢筋在静力荷载作用下会产生一系列性能退化现象：随着锈蚀发展，钢筋表现出名义屈服、极限强度发生退化现象 (二者退化程度为极限强度高于屈服强度，导致强屈比随锈蚀率增加而下降)，同时对钢筋延性而言，荷载-位移曲线屈服平台随锈蚀加剧逐渐缩短甚至消失，尤其极限应变随锈蚀率下降非常显著，最终将导致锈蚀钢筋无明显预兆的脆性断裂。另外锈蚀产物使混凝土胀裂又削弱其与混凝土间正常的粘结性能，导致钢筋混凝土结构或构件出现锚固破坏或粘结滑移失效等脆性破坏。与此同时，随着钢筋混凝土结构朝着结构复杂化、应用多样化等方向飞速发展，高强混凝土及高强钢筋也逐渐得到了广泛应用，使得新建在役结构或构件往往处在高应力状态下，因钢筋锈蚀导致的延性显著降低问题在此类结构中更具有潜在的危险性，往往由于高应力状态与锈蚀的耦合作用加快构件裂纹的形成与扩展，最终使得混凝土结构或构件使用寿命急剧下降，甚至产生脆性失效模式。所以，钢筋锈蚀后的力学性能及点锈预测模型研究是正确评价使用老化结构寿命并合理使用锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件的基本前提。

It is well known that corrosion leads to a reduction in the effective cross-sectional area of steel bars, and there are concentration of stress and eccentric loading due to the presence of unevenly distributed corrosion pits. Therefore, there are a series of performance degradation phenomena in corroded steel bars: with the development of corrosion, the steel bars have nominal yielding and ultimate strength degradation. (The ultimate strength of these two degradations is higher than the yield strength, resulting in a decrease of yield ratio as the corrosion rate increases) At the same time, for the ductility of steel bars, the yield platform of the load-displacement curve gradually shortens or even disappears with the increase of corrosion. In particular, the ultimate strain decreases significantly with the corrosion rate, eventually leading to a brittle fracture of the corroded steel bar without obvious signs. In addition, the corrosion products cause the concrete to burst and weaken the normal bonding performance, resulting in a brittle failure such as anchor failure or bond slip failure in the reinforced concrete structure or member. Meanwhile, due to the complicated structure and diversified application of reinforced concrete structures, high-strength concrete and high-strength steel bars have gradually been widely used. The new in-service structures or components are often under high stress conditions, and the significant decrease in ductility due to steel corrosion is more potentially dangerous in such structures. The coupling with corrosion under high stress will accelerate the formation and expansion of cracks in the component, and eventually there are a sharply decreased service life of the concrete structure or component and even a brittle failure. Therefore, the study of mechanical properties and point corrosion prediction model of steel bars after corrosion is a basic premise for correctly evaluating the life of aging structures and rationally using corroded reinforced concrete members.

针对Node2Vec中忽略网络全局结构问题及随机梯度下降法SGD容易陷入局部最优的问题，在该算法的基础上进行了改进，并提出了一种结合机器学习与层次网络表示学习算法HARP的链路预测算法。该方法首先采用自适应学习优化器Adam取代SGD，对Node2Vec进行改进；然后根据HARP将原始网络图形的节点和边通过合并划分成一系列分层的结构更小的图，接着利用改进的Node2Vec算法进行不断的特征提取，进而实现网络嵌入；最后建立基于机器学习与HARP的社交网络链路预测模型，进行了一系列社交网络链路预测实验，结果表明新方法具有优秀的性能与稳定性。

In Node2Vec, the global structure of the network is neglected and the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method is easy to fall into local optimum. Based on this algorithm, an improved link prediction algorithm combining machine learning and hierarchical representation learning for network (HARP) is proposed. This method first uses adaptive learning optimizer Adam instead of SGD to improve Node2Vec, then divides the nodes and edges of the original network graph into a series of smaller layered graphs by merging them according to HARP, and then uses the improved Node2Vec algorithm to extract features continuously, so as to realize network embedding. Finally, a social network link prediction model based on machine learning and HARP is established. A series of social network link prediction experiments are carried out. The results show that the new method has excellent performance and stability.

土壤细菌是种类及数量最多的一类微生物[1]，参与土壤养分转化、物质代谢、有机物分解、腐殖质的形成等多种生化反应[2-4]，通过这些生化反应过程促进土壤养分平衡供应，提供植物所需要的营养物质，同时发挥土壤中有效养分储备的库和源的作用[5-6]，此外土壤细菌与植物根系互作产生的生长激素刺激植物根系生长并扩大根系与土壤接触面积从而促进植物生长及提高植物健康[7]。以往土壤微生物领域的研究主要集中在物种多样性、物种结构多样性、功能多样性及遗传多样性的等方面[8]，并出现了高通量培养技术、土壤基质模拟培养技术、细胞微囊包埋技术等微生物培养技术但是可培养土壤微生物只有0.1%-1%[9-10]。因此为了得到土壤微生物更多的信息出现了DNA指纹图谱技术、磷脂脂肪酸分析法、微阵列基因芯片等非培养研究土壤微生物的方法，这些方法克服了培养技术的一些缺点并获得了一部分不能分离培养的土壤微生物信息[11-13]。但是这些方法相比近年发展起来的第二代测序方法而言具有通量低、信息量低等缺点[14]，Illumina公司MiSeq测序平台基于Solexa技术通过单分子簇边合成变测序（Sequencing by Synthesis, SBS）并利用dNTP可逆终止化学反应[15,16,17]，其具有通量高、正确率高、成本低等特点。

Soil bacteria, being one of the most the most numerous bacteria [1], plays vital roles in many biochemical reactions, such as soil nutrient transformation, nutrient metabolism, decay of organic matter and humus formation [2-4]. Based on these reactions, soil nutrient balance will be improved and plant nutrient will be applied, and they work also as sink and source of effective nutrient in soil [5-6]. Otherwise, interactions of soil bacterial and plant root produce chemical compounds, such as auxins, which can stimulate plant root growth and improve root-soil contact. Thus, plants can grow plants growing fuller and stronger [7]. Current studies in soil microorganisms mainly focused on species and structural diversity, functional and genetic diversity [8]. High-throughput culturing, membrane, microencapsulation are widely used for culturing microorganisms, but only 0.1%-1% can be cultured by these methods. That’s why other more advanced methods appeared, such as DNA fingerprintion, phospholipid fatty acid analysis and gene-chip, knowing better about soil microorganism. Information from some soil bacteria could not be isolated and cultured was obtained successfully [11-13]. However, compared with high throughput sequencing, these methods have their own set of weaknesses, such as low through-put and not enough information [14]. Based on Solexa, Illumina MiSeq platform uses a Sequence by Synthesis (SBS) approach and modified dNTPs which contains a reversible terminator to block further chemical reactions. It is high-throughput and cost-effective [15-17].

目前，离子液体合成方面的研究主要集中在设计不同阴阳离子组合改进离子液体性质上，其自身合成方法的改进尚未得到足够重视，主要原因是常见离子液体的小规模制备方法己经成熟，许多公司己经可以提供少量商品化离子液体，并且价格已大幅下降。实验方面关注更多的是离子液体应用研究。离子液体合成方法的绿色化以及规模化制备与其应用前景密不可分，离子液体将来在应用领域带来的技术革新和突破必然会引领人们重新考虑离子液体本身合成上的问题，最终应当使离子液体这一“绿色溶剂”本身的制备更具绿色性。

At present, the research on ionic liquid synthesis mainly focuses on the design of different anion-cation combinations to improve the properties of ionic liquids. The modification of synthesis processes has not been paid enough attention to, mainly due to the maturity of small-scale preparation methods for common ionic liquids, as well as many companies providing small amount of commercial ionic liquids and the significantly dropped price. Experiments have been focusing more on the application research of ionic liquids. The green and large-scale preparation of ionic liquids is closely related to the application prospects. The technological innovations and breakthroughs brought by ionic liquids in the application field will inevitably lead to reconsideration of ionic liquid synthesis related problems, and eventually enable the greener preparation of the ionic liquids, the “green solvent”.

最初探讨股债市连动性，是Shiller (1982)采图表分析，得出两者没有连动性。Barsky (1989)用资产定价模型, 指出风险增加使股价或升或降, 但对债券价格始终正向影响。价格变化取决于代理人的风险厌恶程度。 Bossaerts (1988)证明股债连动性相近但不完全一样。若经济朝平衡发展, 但又不保证完全平衡，此时两种资产的共线性，是价格保持固定的差距在变动。Chan, Norrbin 和 Lai (1997)表明存在非静态的因素使股债价格变化,且不会同时影响, 也就是随时间两资产价格会背离。这否定股债的共线性。

It was Shiller (1982) that initially studied the connection between stock market and bond market, who used charter analysis to draw a conclusion that there was no such connection. Barsky (1989) pointed out that the increase in risk caused the stock price to rise or fall, yet always had a positive impact on bond price by using CAPM. Price changes depend on the agent's risk aversion. Bossaerts (1988) proves that stock and bond are similar but not exactly the same. With the development of economy moving toward an equilibrium but not achieving it, the collinearity of the two assets means that their price change with a fixed gap between them. Chan, Norrbin, and Lai (1997) indicate that there are non-static factors that cause the price of the stock and bond to change asynchronously, that is to say, the price of the two assets will deviate over time, which denies the collinearity mentioned above.

错流过滤是过滤的一种特殊形式，其被广泛的应用在医药、血液分离、污水处理、水质净化、食品工业、生物技术、石油工业等领域。在淤泥的水沙分离上，我们也看到了错流过滤的应用前景。

错流过滤的一大劣势是其过滤流速会逐渐的减小到一个平衡状态。要想扩大错流过滤在工业上的应用，我们需要准确的预测错流过滤流速的变化过程。

Cross-flow filtration is a special form of filtration, which is widely used in fields such as medicine, blood separation, sewage treatment, water purification, food industry, biotechnology, petroleum industry, etc. Furthermore, cross-flow filtration also displays promising application prospects in water and sediment separation from sludge. A major disadvantage of cross-flow filtration is that the filtration flow rate gradually reduces to an equilibrium. In order to expand the industrial application of cross-flow filtration, the flow rate variation during the filtration process needs to be accurately predicted.

本文提出一种曲面镜开放式谐振腔Smith-Purcell型自由电子激光的新结构;利用PIC模拟的方法模拟给出了冷腔的频谱分布,并对注-波互作用特性进行了模拟分析、计算,在辐射角为35o的输出窗处得到了谐振频率43.17GHz、功率50.5MW、效率8.3%的微波输出。模拟结果表明:新型开放式球面谐振腔Smith-Purcell型FEL,利用中等能量的相对论电子注,通过改变辐射夹角即可产生毫米波段的相干辐射。这种结构为开发短毫米波及远红外波谱提供了一种可行的方案。

In the current paper, an innovative structure for Smith-Purcell free electron laser was proposed with curved mirror as open cavity. The spectra distribution of cold cavity was determined with PIC simulation method. And through simulation analysis for beam-wave interaction characteristics, microwave output with a resonant frequency of 43.17GHz, a power of 50.5 MW, and a effeciency of 8.3% was obtained at output window corresponding to a radiation angle of 35 °. Simulation results revealed that Smith-Purcell free electron laser with the innovative open spherical cavity utilized relativistic electron beam with intermediate energy to generate coherent radiation at millimeter wave band, by means of regulating radiation angle. Such structure could provide an alternative for development of short millimeter wave and far-infrared spectrum.